26^th World Congress on Neurology and Neurodisorders August 26-27, 2020 Singapore, Singapore

Neurorehabilitation intercessions have detonated since the year 2000, in parallel with a move in the worldview of neurologic care. In the mid-twentieth century, we got some distance from the supposition that the impact of mental damage, for example, a stroke on capacity, movement, and cooperation is perpetual and turned out to be progressively mindful of the cerebrum's regenerative potential, and additionally unique cerebrum rearrangement, months and even numerous years after the fact. Neurorehabilitation scientists pushed for translational research to define the permissive conditions under which optimal brain change and recovery occurs,

• Clearly requiring controlled.
• Intensive stimulation of impaired brain networks

 Neural coding means the concentration, identification, pleasurable and un pleasurable value of tastans which are represented in the form of action potential. It is of two types encoding and decoding.  The map from stimuli to response is called as encoding whereas response to stimuli is called as decoding. It implies the connection between the response and the stimuli.

Alzheimer disease, the degenerative brain disorder that develops in mid-to-late adulthood. It results in a progressive and irreversible decline in memory and a deterioration of various other cognitive abilities. The disease is characterized by the destruction of nerve cells and neural connections in the cerebral cortex of the brain and by a significant loss of brain mass.

Dementia is a broad description which includes many different symptoms, including memory loss, word-finding difficulties, impaired judgment, and problems with day-to-day activities, which are caused by injury or loss of brain cells (neurons). Mild Cognitive Impairment is an intermediate stage between the normal and serious decline of dementia. Problems arise in thinking, language, judgment, etc.

Epilepsy is a condition in which a person has repetitive seizures. A seizure is characterized as an abnormal, disorderly discharging of the brain's nerve cells, resulting in a temporary disturbance of motor, sensory, or mental function. There are numerous sorts of seizures, depending principally on what part of the brain is involved. The term epilepsy says nothing about the type of seizure or cause of the seizure, only that the seizures happen again and again. A stricter definition of the term requires that the seizures have no known underlying cause. This may also be called primary or idiopathic epilepsy.

Geriatric neurology  is the branch of medicine that studies neurologic disorders in elderly. The subspecialty of Geriatric neurology is defined by its expertise in the diagnosis, treatment, and care of neurological conditions that affect elderly and by its unique body of knowledge regarding the aging nervous system, its vulnerability to specific neurological disorders, and its influence on the prevalence and expression of neurological disease.

Neurochemistry alludes to the synthetic procedures that happen in the cerebrum and sensory system. The way that one can read this content, recollect what has been perused, and even inhale amid the whole time that these occasions happen depends on the stunning science that happens in the human mind and the nerve cells with which it imparts.

There are two broad categories of chemistry in nerve systems that are important. The first is the chemistry that generates electrical signals which propagate along with nerve cells. The key chemicals involved in these signals are sodium and potassium ions. To see how they give rise to a signal, one must first look at a nerve cell that is at rest.

Neuropsychiatry is an integrative, collaborative discipline that arrangements with the psychiatric aspects of neurological disorders. In science, neuropsychiatry supports the field of neuroscience and is utilized to better comprehend the neurological underpinnings of the psychiatric and neurologic diseases and to analyze the treatment and care of people with neurological conditions, especially those that influence conduct.

Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology is a peer-reviewed medical journal in the field of neuropathology. Neuropathology is the study of disease of nervous system tissues. In addition to examining central nervous system tissue, the neuropathologist usually is given the task of examining muscle & peripheral nerve biopsies as well. Neurobiology is the study of cells of the nervous system and the organization of these cells into functional circuits that process information and mediate the behaviour.

 Neurodegenerative disorders are illnesses that involve the death of certain parts of the brain. Neurodegeneration or neuron death is the progressive loss of structure or function of neurons which includes disorders like Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease etc. In the United States, near about 60,000 cases of Parkinson’s disease are diagnosed per year. 

 Paediatric Neurology is a mix of both Neurology and Paediatrics. A medicinal expert who represents considerable authority in this field of paediatric neurology is called pediatric neurologists.A paediatric neurologist is a doctor with expertise in diagnosing and managing the vast range of neurological disorders affecting children and young people. 

 Parkinson's disease is a progressive nervous system disorder that affects movement. Symptoms start gradually, sometimes starting with a barely noticeable tremor in just one hand. Tremors are common, but the disorder also commonly causes stiffness or slowing of movement. Later on rearranging stride is watched. Indications incorporate uneasiness, dejection and dementia. It is caused by an absence of dopamine. It is likewise called as hypokinetic unbending disorder, loss of motion gaits. In many people, Parkinson's ailment is idiopathic.

 Addiction is Brain Disorder and its complex condition. Addiction directly affects the function of brain and body which will result in problems in families, relationship, friends, schools, workplaces and neighbourhoods. Addiction can be prevented, treated and managed by the healthcare professionals with the co-operation of family or peer support like social worker.

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) secures the brain and spinal cord. CSF spills happen through a correspondence between the covering of the Brain and the nose. These correspondences may happen suddenly or result from injury or earlier sinonasal surgery. Entanglements may happen if the reason is surgery or injury. Diseases after surgery or injury can prompt meningitis and genuine intricacies, for example, swelling of the Brain.

A stroke is a "brain attack". It can happen to anyone at any time. It occurs when blood flow to an area of brain is cut off. When this happens, brain cells are deprived of oxygen and begin to die. When brain cells die during a stroke, abilities controlled by that area of the brain such as memory and muscle control are lost.

This term alludes to the interdisciplinary field blending neurology, immunology, and parts of neuroscience. It is a logical and clinical area. Experimentally, Neuroimmunology attempts to comprehend the bidirectional connections between the nervous and immune systems, and their suggestions to sicknesses. Clinically, various “classical” neuroimmune diseases (e.g., multiple sclerosis-MS) and recently more diseases are being recognized for their influence by both the nervous and immune systems, including cancer and coronary heart disease. The natural underpinnings of neuroimmunology incorporate the plummeting pathways from the mind to the resistant framework, showed by innervation of lymph hubs, impacts of pressure hormones on insusceptibility, and the nearness of neurotransmitter receptors on invulnerable cells.

Neurophysiology is a branch of physiology and neuroscience that is concerned with the study of the functioning of the nervous system.  These studies are carried out using electrophysiological or molecular biological tools. Discussions can also be made in neuromuscular physiology, neural mechanisms of higher nervous activity and contemporary problems of Neuroscience can also be conferred.

Neuro-oncology is the investigation of brain and spinal cord neoplasms, huge numbers of which are (in any event in the end) exceptionally risky and hazardous. Among the harmful mind diseases, gliomas of the brainstem and pons, glioblastoma multiforme, and high-review (exceedingly anaplastic) astrocytoma are among the worst. In these cases, untreated survival, as a rule, adds up to just a couple of months, and survival with ebb and flow radiation and chemotherapy medicines may expand that time from around multi-year to eighteen months, conceivably at least two, contingent upon the patient's condition, resistant capacity, medications utilized, and the particular kind of dangerous cerebrum neoplasm. The medical procedure may now and again be remedial, be that as it may, when in doubt, harmful mind growths have a tendency to recover and rise up out of reduction effortlessly, particularly exceedingly dangerous cases. In such cases, the objective is to extract as a significant part of the mass (tumor cells) and however much of the tumor edge as could reasonably be expected without jeopardizing imperative capacities or other essential subjective capacities.

Neurosurgery or neurological surgery is the medical specialty focused on the prevention, diagnosis, and rehabilitation of disorders which affect any part of the nervous system such as the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and extra-cranial cerebrovascular system. They help in the diagnosis of intracerebral hemorrhage.

The central nervous system (CNS) is made up of the brain, the spinal cord, and the optic nerves. The central nervous system controls thought processes, guides movement, and registers sensations throughout the body.

• Fast facts on the central nervous system
• The brain is the most complex organ in the body and uses 20% of the total oxygen we breathe in.
• The CNS is often divided into white and gray matter.
• The brain consists of an estimated 100 billion neurons, with each connected to thousands more.
• CNS support cells, called glial cells, outnumber neurons 10 to 1.
• The brain can be divided into four lobes: temporal, parietal, occipital and frontal.
• Circuits within the spinal cord are capable of controlling motor coordination without input from the brain.
• The brain makes up around 2% of a human's entire weight.

A Neurological disorder is any disorder of Nervous System. Neurological disorders can be categorized according to the primary location affected, the primary type of dysfunction involved, or the primary type of cause. The broadest division is between central nervous system disorders and peripheral nervous system disorders. Abnormalities in the brain, spinal cord or other nerves like Structural, biochemical or electrical can result as symptoms sometime

Neurology is a medicinal claim to fame managing disarranges and sicknesses of the sensory or nervous system, It deals with the diagnosis and treatment of all categories of disease and disorders involving the central and peripheral nervous system, including their covers, veins, and all effector tissue, for example, muscle, Also regards the neurological conditions like Alzheimer's ailment, seizures, stroke, loss of motion, trance-like state, epilepsy, meningitis, encephalitis, numerous sclerosis, herpes simplex infection 2, amnesia, Parkinson's illness, paraplegia, hearing misfortune, and different diseases and tumors of the sensory system.

Neurocardiology alludes to the pathophysiological interactions of the cardiovascular and sensory systems. It is the investigation of neurological, neurophysiological and neuroanatomical parts of cardiology including the neurological starting points of cardiovascular issue. The neurocardiac pivot connects the cardiovascular and sensory systems to physiological issues, for example, stroke, epilepsy, and arrhythmias. Clinical issues in Neurocardiology include neurogenic stress cardiomyopathy, cardiovascular findings in patients with primary neurological disease, neurologic sequelae of cardiac and thoracic surgery and cardiac interventions and hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.

A stroke is a "brain attack". It can happen to anyone at any time. It occurs when blood flow to an area of the brain is cut off. When this happens, brain cells are deprived of oxygen and begin to die. When brain cells die during a stroke, abilities controlled by that area of the brain such as memory and muscle control are lost.

Neuroendocrinology is the investigation of communications between the nervous and endocrine systems. The field of neuroendocrinology has extended from its unique spotlight on the control of pituitary hormone emission by the hypothalamus to include different equal connections between the focal sensory system (CNS) and endocrine frameworks in the control of homeostasis and physiologic reactions to natural jolts. The discipline of neuroendocrinology, extensively characterized, envelops the systems, forms, and physiologic reactions that facilitate and coordinate the interior hormonal milieu.

Neuro-ophthalmology is a scholastically situated subspecialty that consolidations the fields of neurology and ophthalmology, regularly managing complex fundamental illnesses that have indications in the visual framework. Neuro-ophthalmologists at first entire a residency in either neurology, neurosurgery, or ophthalmology, at that point, complete a partnership in the reciprocal field. Since demonstrative examinations can be ordinary in patients with the noteworthy neuro-ophthalmic disease, a point by point restorative history and physical exam is fundamental, and neuro-ophthalmologists regularly invest a lot of energy with their patients.

Neurotoxicity is considered as a major cause of neurodegenerative disorders. Most drugs of abuse have non-negligible neurotoxic impacts a significant number of which are essentially interceded by a few dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmitter frameworks. Neurotoxicity and formative neurotoxicities are imperative antagonistic wellbeing impacts of several ecological contaminants and word related synthetic substances, regular poisons and pharmaceutical medications.

Neuromuscular disorders are conditions that affect skeletal muscles, peripheral nerves or neuromuscular junction. Our program treats all forms of neuromuscular disorders, including Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP).

The spinal disorders are the results of infection, injuries, tumors, Ankylosing spondylitis, scoliosis, spinal stenosis, and herniated disks.W hen the structure of bone changes then it causes pain due to the pressure on the spinal cord and the nervous system. These disorders can be diagnosed by computed tomography, discography, electromyography, MRI ETC.  It causes the skeletal hyperostosis, fracture of the thoracic and lumbar spine, etc.

Depression,  in psychology, a mood or emotional state that is marked by feelings of low self-worth or guilt and a reduced ability to enjoy life. A person who is depressed usually experiences several of the following symptoms: feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or pessimism; lowered self-esteem and heightened self-depreciation; a decrease or loss of ability to take pleasure in ordinary activities; reduced energy and vitality; slowness of thought or action; loss of appetite; and disturbed sleep or insomnia.

Anxiety is an emotion characterized by feelings of tension, worried thoughts and physical changes like increased blood pressure. People with anxiety disorders usually have recurring intrusive thoughts or concerns. They may avoid certain situations out of worry. They may also have physical symptoms such as sweating, trembling, dizziness or a rapid heartbeat.

Schizophrenia, any of a gathering of extreme mental issue that has in like manner such indications as fantasies, hallucinations, blunted feelings, cluttered reasoning, and a withdrawal from the real world. Schizophrenics show a wide cluster of side effects, yet five principal kinds of schizophrenia, varying in their particular symptomatology as takes after, are perceived by a few specialists.

• Future research bearings in brain issue
• Human echolocation
• Synaptic Pruning
• Late medication advancement and conveyance frameworks
• Novel Therapeutic Targets
• Pre-Clinical Translational Modeling in Neurodegeneration
• Neural Cell Transplantation
• Recent Neurosurgical Interventional Procedures

Mental illness is regular among a population suffering from substance abuse and addiction. The relationship is strong to the point that numerous individuals trust the medications assume a causative part in the improvement of the dysfunctional behavior. In many cases, this isn't the situation. In the United States, roughly 8.9 million individuals have both psychological well-being and a substance mishandle issue.

The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration (SAMHSA) discloses to us that, of these individuals battling with the double issue, the larger part—55.8%—don't get any treatment for either scatter. An unimportant 7.4% get treatment for the two issues.

Brain researchers have detected improvements in cognition and emotional well-being associated with meditation and yoga, as well as differences in how meditation and prayer affect the brains of those who believe in God and those who do not.

At a 28 September Neuroscience & Society event cosponsored by AAAS and the Dana Foundation, neuroscientist Sara Lazar said that not only were the brain images in a study of people who meditated different from those who did not, other research showed that certain changes in performance such as improved scores on the Graduate Record Exam (GRE) occurred in controlled experiments involving mindfulness training.

Neurological disorders are diseases of the brain, spine and the nerves that connect them. In recognizing the signs and symptoms of neurological problems, it is first important to distinguish the various types of neurological disorders.

Autism spectrum disorders are pervasive developmental disabilities in which the core impairments have a profound influence on children’s development. A relative or total absence of reciprocal social interactive skills is the primary symptom seen in young children with autism spectrum disorders. Unlike typically developing toddlers, who make almost nonstop bids for parental attention, these children make less frequent eye contact and direct fewer facial expressions toward their parents.       

Bipolar, or hyper depressive issue, is a disposition issue that causes radical enthusiastic changes and emotional episodes, from hyper highs to depressive lows. The greater part of bipolar people encounters substituting scenes of madness and misery.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a potentially disabling disease of the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system).

In MS, the immune system attacks the protective sheath (myelin) that covers nerve fibers and causes communication problems between your brain and the rest of your body. Eventually, the disease can cause the nerves themselves to deteriorate or become permanently damaged.

Signs and symptoms of MS vary widely and depend on the amount of nerve damage and which nerves are affected. Some people with severe MS may lose the ability to walk independently or at all, while others may experience long periods of remission without any new symptoms.

There's no cure for multiple sclerosis. However, treatments can help speed recovery from attacks, modify the course of the disease and manage symptoms.

• Numbness or weakness in one or more limbs that typically occurs on one side of your body at a time, or the legs and trunk
• Partial or complete loss of vision, usually in one eye at a time, often with pain during eye movement
• Prolonged double vision
• Tingling or pain in parts of your body
• Electric-shock sensations that occur with certain neck movements, especially bending the neck forward (Lhermitte sign)
• Tremor, lack of coordination or unsteady gait
• Slurred speech
• Fatigue
• Dizziness
• Problems with bowel and bladder function